{"id":182,"date":"2019-09-07T09:42:21","date_gmt":"2019-09-07T07:42:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/congovirtuel.com\/information\/?p=182"},"modified":"2019-09-07T10:10:31","modified_gmt":"2019-09-07T08:10:31","slug":"qui-etait-robert-mugabe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/congovirtuel.com\/information\/qui-etait-robert-mugabe\/","title":{"rendered":"Qui \u00e9tait Robert Mugabe ?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Robert Mugabe, le premier dirigeant du Zimbabwe ind\u00e9pendant, est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de 95 ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sa famille a confirm\u00e9 sa mort \u00e0 la BBC. M. Mugabe suivait un traitement dans un h\u00f4pital de Singapour depuis avril.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9vinc\u00e9 lors d&rsquo;un coup d&rsquo;\u00c9tat militaire en 2017 apr\u00e8s 37 ans au pouvoir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es au pouvoir de M. Mugabe ont \u00e9t\u00e9 salu\u00e9es en raison de son programme d&rsquo;acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 et \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation pour la majorit\u00e9 des zimbabw\u00e9ens d\u00e9favoris\u00e9s par le r\u00e9gime blanc de Rhod\u00e9sie (ancienne colonie britannique).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cependant, ses derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9es par des violations des droits de l&rsquo;homme, des abus et la corruption.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il a remport\u00e9 la premi\u00e8re \u00e9lection du Zimbabwe apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance du pays vis-\u00e0-vis du Royaume-Uni, devenant Premier ministre en 1980.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il a aboli le poste en 1987, devenant pr\u00e9sident. Son successeur, Emmerson Mnangagwa, a exprim\u00e9 sa \u00ab\u00a0plus grande tristesse\u00a0\u00bb, qualifiant M. Mugabe d'\u00a0\u00bbic\u00f4ne de la lib\u00e9ration\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\n<!-- code responsive -->\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:block\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2119363214666215\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"1973679082\"\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\n<script>\n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M. Mugabe est n\u00e9 le 21 f\u00e9vrier 1924 dans ce qui \u00e9tait alors la Rhod\u00e9sie &#8211; une colonie britannique, dirig\u00e9e par sa minorit\u00e9 blanche.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 emprisonn\u00e9 pendant plus d&rsquo;une d\u00e9cennie sans proc\u00e8s apr\u00e8s avoir critiqu\u00e9 le gouvernement de la Rhod\u00e9sie en 1964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En 1973, alors qu&rsquo;il \u00e9tait encore en prison, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi comme pr\u00e9sident de l&rsquo;Union nationale africaine du Zimbabwe (Zanu), dont il \u00e9tait membre fondateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une fois lib\u00e9r\u00e9, il s&rsquo;est rendu au Mozambique, d&rsquo;o\u00f9 il a dirig\u00e9 des raids de gu\u00e9rilla en Rhod\u00e9sie. Mais il \u00e9tait aussi consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un habile n\u00e9gociateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Des accords politiques visant \u00e0 mettre fin \u00e0 la crise ont abouti \u00e0 l&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance de la nouvelle R\u00e9publique du Zimbabwe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/congovirtuel.com\/information\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/mugabe_mort.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-184\" width=\"518\" height=\"291\" srcset=\"https:\/\/congovirtuel.com\/information\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/mugabe_mort.jpg 624w, https:\/\/congovirtuel.com\/information\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/mugabe_mort-500x280.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 518px) 100vw, 518px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 sa grande visibilit\u00e9 dans le mouvement ind\u00e9pendantiste, M. Mugabe a remport\u00e9 une victoire \u00e9crasante lors de la premi\u00e8re \u00e9lection dans le pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mais au cours de ses d\u00e9cennies au pouvoir, de nombreuses critiques ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 pleuvoir, d\u00e9crivant M. Mugabe comme une sorte de \u00ab\u00a0dictateur\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En 2000, confront\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois \u00e0 une vive opposition politique, il s&rsquo;est empar\u00e9 de fermes appartenant \u00e0 des Blancs pour r\u00e9installer des fermiers noirs, provoquant des perturbations \u00e9conomiques mais renfor\u00e7ant sa popularit\u00e9 parmi ses partisans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A la m\u00eame \u00e9poque, les milices pro-Mugabe ont eu recours \u00e0 la violence pour influencer les r\u00e9sultats politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que seul Dieu pouvait le d\u00e9mettre de ses fonctions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En 2008, lorsqu&rsquo;il a perdu le premier tour de l&rsquo;\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle, les attaques contre l&rsquo;opposition ont conduit son rival \u00e0 se retirer de la course.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 contraint de partager le pouvoir en 2009 dans un contexte d&rsquo;effondrement \u00e9conomique, installant son rival Morgan Tsvangirai comme premier ministre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mais en 2017, alors qu&rsquo;on craignait qu&rsquo;il ne pr\u00e9pare sa femme Grace \u00e0 lui succ\u00e9der, l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e &#8211; son alli\u00e9e de longue date &#8211; s&rsquo;est retourn\u00e9e contre le pr\u00e9sident et l&rsquo;a forc\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9missionner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">BBC<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Robert Mugabe, le premier dirigeant du Zimbabwe ind\u00e9pendant, est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de 95 ans. Sa famille a confirm\u00e9 sa mort \u00e0 la BBC. M. Mugabe suivait un traitement dans un h\u00f4pital de Singapour depuis avril. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9vinc\u00e9 lors d&rsquo;un coup d&rsquo;\u00c9tat militaire en 2017 apr\u00e8s 37 ans au pouvoir. Les premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es au pouvoir de M. Mugabe ont \u00e9t\u00e9 salu\u00e9es en raison de son programme d&rsquo;acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 et \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation pour la majorit\u00e9 des zimbabw\u00e9ens d\u00e9favoris\u00e9s par le r\u00e9gime blanc de Rhod\u00e9sie (ancienne colonie britannique).&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":183,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-internationale"],"gutentor_comment":0,"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Qui \u00e9tait Robert Mugabe ? - Actualit\u00e9s congolaises et internationales<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/congovirtuel.com\/information\/qui-etait-robert-mugabe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Qui \u00e9tait Robert Mugabe ? - Actualit\u00e9s congolaises et internationales\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Robert Mugabe, le premier dirigeant du Zimbabwe ind\u00e9pendant, est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de 95 ans. Sa famille a confirm\u00e9 sa mort \u00e0 la BBC. M. Mugabe suivait un traitement dans un h\u00f4pital de Singapour depuis avril. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9vinc\u00e9 lors d&rsquo;un coup d&rsquo;\u00c9tat militaire en 2017 apr\u00e8s 37 ans au pouvoir. Les premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es au pouvoir de M. Mugabe ont \u00e9t\u00e9 salu\u00e9es en raison de son programme d&rsquo;acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 et \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation pour la majorit\u00e9 des zimbabw\u00e9ens d\u00e9favoris\u00e9s par le r\u00e9gime blanc de Rhod\u00e9sie (ancienne colonie britannique).&hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/congovirtuel.com\/information\/qui-etait-robert-mugabe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Actualit\u00e9s congolaises et internationales\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/web.facebook.com\/Congovirtuel-763617960319601\/?ref=aymt_homepage_panel&amp;amp%3bamp%3bamp%3bamp%3bamp%3bamp%3bamp%3bamp%3bamp%3bamp%3bamp%3beid=ARCoxULa66767kIgF_KYav6VdjXTI4yk_LW4yoVO9s6NXpysgb7Cb65vpxcxgqzOAKvIbLQxaAETcqHT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-09-07T07:42:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-09-07T08:10:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/congovirtuel.com\/information\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/mugabe2.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"371\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"infocongovirtuel\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@congovirtuel\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@congovirtuel\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"infocongovirtuel\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/congovirtuel.com\\\/information\\\/qui-etait-robert-mugabe\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/congovirtuel.com\\\/information\\\/qui-etait-robert-mugabe\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"infocongovirtuel\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/congovirtuel.com\\\/information\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/739a44bf7990966cb53d58d2fdeca0b6\"},\"headline\":\"Qui \u00e9tait Robert Mugabe ?\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-09-07T07:42:21+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-09-07T08:10:31+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/congovirtuel.com\\\/information\\\/qui-etait-robert-mugabe\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":527,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/congovirtuel.com\\\/information\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/congovirtuel.com\\\/information\\\/qui-etait-robert-mugabe\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/congovirtuel.com\\\/information\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/09\\\/mugabe2.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Internationale\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/congovirtuel.com\\\/information\\\/qui-etait-robert-mugabe\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/congovirtuel.com\\\/information\\\/qui-etait-robert-mugabe\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/congovirtuel.com\\\/information\\\/qui-etait-robert-mugabe\\\/\",\"name\":\"Qui \u00e9tait Robert Mugabe ? 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