{"id":3971,"date":"2020-10-27T06:55:05","date_gmt":"2020-10-27T05:55:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/congovirtuel.com\/information\/?p=3971"},"modified":"2020-10-27T06:55:15","modified_gmt":"2020-10-27T05:55:15","slug":"trump-f-tshisekedi-un-rapprochement-strategique-aux-effets-domino-au-burundi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/congovirtuel.com\/information\/trump-f-tshisekedi-un-rapprochement-strategique-aux-effets-domino-au-burundi\/","title":{"rendered":"TRUMP\/F.TSHISEKEDI: UN RAPPROCHEMENT STRAT\u00c9GIQUE AUX EFFETS DOMINO AU BURUNDI","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Si le rapprochement op\u00e9r\u00e9 par Felix Tshisekedi avec l’administration Trump en mars \u00e9tait spectaculaire, celui men\u00e9 par le pr\u00e9sident burundais Evariste Ndayishimiye, plus discret, n’en est pas moins strat\u00e9gique.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Outre les liens religieux, les consid\u00e9rations strat\u00e9giques sur l’approvisionnement am\u00e9ricain en mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res critiques et strat\u00e9giques ont pouss\u00e9 Trump \u00e0 se rapprocher d\u2019abord de Felix Tshisekedi et ensuite d\u2019Evariste Ndayishimiye du Burundi pour ses r\u00e9serves de terres rares. Dans les deux cas, la majorit\u00e9 de leurs mines sont occup\u00e9es par des groupes chinois, Trump assigne des r\u00f4les particuliers \u00e0 ses diplomates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les \u00e9vang\u00e9liques et les terres rares ont rapproch\u00e9 Trump de Bujumbura<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La confirmation imminente de Melanie Higgins au poste d’ambassadeur am\u00e9ricain au Burundi, vacant depuis un an et demi, est la derni\u00e8re phase d’un rapprochement discret, mais strat\u00e9gique, entre les Etats-Unis et le Burundi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

J. Peter Pham, artisan du rapprochement entre Washington et Bujumbura, avec l’ex-pr\u00e9sident burundais Pierre Nkurunziza.

En 2015, le D\u00e9partement d’Etat avait violemment condamn\u00e9 l’\u00e9lection de Pierre Nkurunziza et mis fin \u00e0 son programme d’encadrement des soldats burundais d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s en Somalie sous la banni\u00e8re de l’Union africaine. En moins d’un an, l’envoy\u00e9 sp\u00e9cial am\u00e9ricain pour les Grands Lacs, J. Peter Pham (devenu depuis mars envoy\u00e9 sp\u00e9cial sur le Sahel), a supervis\u00e9 une volte-face diplomatique compl\u00e8te et op\u00e9r\u00e9 un rapprochement entre Washington et Bujumbura. La confirmation de Melanie Higgins comme ambassadrice am\u00e9ricaine au Burundi, qui doit intervenir dans les prochaines semaines, en est le point d’orgue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Convergences religieuses et int\u00e9r\u00eats bien compris<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Plusieurs facteurs ont incit\u00e9 Pham, auquel le secr\u00e9taire d’Etat Mike Pompeo a laiss\u00e9 une tr\u00e8s large latitude sur ce dossier, \u00e0 reprendre langue avec le Burundi. D’abord, les liens personnels tiss\u00e9s par l’ex-pr\u00e9sident Pierre Nkurunziza, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 fin mai, et sa femme Denise Bucumi-Nkurunziza au sein de la communaut\u00e9 \u00e9vang\u00e9lique am\u00e9ricaine (Denise Bucumi-Nkurunziza est pasteure). Le s\u00e9nateur r\u00e9publicain James Inhofe, figure de la droite religieuse et pr\u00e9sident de l’Armed Services Committee du S\u00e9nat, a rencontr\u00e9 le couple Nkurunziza \u00e0 plusieurs reprises.

Alors que la majorit\u00e9 des r\u00e9serves de terre rares est op\u00e9r\u00e9e par des groupes chinois, le Burundi accueille l’un des tr\u00e8s rares op\u00e9rateurs occidentaux, Rainbow Rare Earths, contr\u00f4l\u00e9 par le magnat chypriote Adonis Pouroulis. Parmi les administrateurs de cette junior cot\u00e9e \u00e0 Londres figure l’Am\u00e9ricain Shawn McCormick, qui fut directeur adjoint aux affaires africaines au sein du Conseil national de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sous la pr\u00e9sidence de Bill Clinton.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Les sanctions d’Obama oubli\u00e9es<\/strong>
<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pour renouer avec Bujumbura, J. Peter Pham a op\u00e9r\u00e9 en deux temps. En septembre 2019, il s’est d’abord rendu au Burundi et a rencontr\u00e9 le pr\u00e9sident Pierre Nkurunziza dans sa ville natale de Ngozi. Lorsqu’il pr\u00e9sidait le Centre africain du think-tank conservateur Atlantic Council, Pham a invit\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises des responsables burundais, et notamment l’ex-ministre des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Alain Nyamitwe et son fr\u00e8re Willy Nyamitwe, qui fut le conseiller sp\u00e9cial de Pierre Nkurunziza.

Une fois l’\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle pass\u00e9e, le D\u00e9partement d’Etat a imm\u00e9diatement salu\u00e9 la victoire d’Evariste Ndayishimiye et Pham, bien qu’il soit entre-temps devenu envoy\u00e9 sp\u00e9cial pour le Sahel, s’est rendu le 1er juillet \u00e0 Bujumbura pour assister \u00e0 la f\u00eate nationale. Ce voyage n’a fait l’objet d’aucune annonce officielle mais Pham, seul dignitaire \u00e9tranger \u00e0 s’\u00eatre d\u00e9plac\u00e9 \u00e0 Bujumbura, a assist\u00e9 au d\u00e9fil\u00e9 militaire entre le nouveau pr\u00e9sident burundais et son premier ministre, Alain-Guillaume Bunyoni, et ce bien que ce dernier fasse toujours l’objet de sanctions impos\u00e9es par l’administration de Barack Obama pour son r\u00f4le dans la r\u00e9pression des contestations qui ont suivi l’\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2015.

Cinq semaines plus tard, le 6 ao\u00fbt, la future ambassadrice \u00e0 Bujumbura, Melanie Higgins, \u00e9tait entendue par les membres du Foreign Relations Committee du S\u00e9nat, qui doivent confirmer sa nomination apr\u00e8s le week-end prolong\u00e9 du Labor Day. Directrice du bureau \u00ab\u00a0Afrique centrale\u00a0\u00bb du D\u00e9partement d’Etat depuis 2017, Higgins est \u00e9galement la femme de Paul Higgins, qui est le responsable de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 diplomatique au sein de la nouvelle ambassade que les Etats-Unis ont rouvert en Somalie en d\u00e9cembre 2018. Un contingent de soldats burundais sert en Somalie au sein de la mission de l’Union africaine et b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie du soutien, sur financement de Washington, des op\u00e9rateurs am\u00e9ricains Bancroft Global Development et Pacific Architects & Engineers (PAE, Africa )

Africa Intelligence<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Si le rapprochement op\u00e9r\u00e9 par Felix Tshisekedi avec l’administration Trump en mars \u00e9tait spectaculaire, celui men\u00e9 par le pr\u00e9sident burundais Evariste Ndayishimiye, plus discret, n’en est pas moins strat\u00e9gique. Outre les liens religieux, les consid\u00e9rations strat\u00e9giques sur l’approvisionnement am\u00e9ricain en mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res critiques et strat\u00e9giques ont pouss\u00e9 Trump \u00e0 se rapprocher d\u2019abord de Felix Tshisekedi et ensuite d\u2019Evariste Ndayishimiye du Burundi pour ses r\u00e9serves de terres rares. Dans les deux cas, la majorit\u00e9 de leurs mines sont occup\u00e9es par des groupes chinois, Trump assigne des r\u00f4les particuliers \u00e0 ses diplomates.…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":3972,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[808],"tags":[3313],"class_list":["post-3971","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-burundi","tag-rapprochement-usa-burundi"],"gutentor_comment":0,"yoast_head":"\nTRUMP\/F.TSHISEKEDI: UN RAPPROCHEMENT STRAT\u00c9GIQUE AUX EFFETS DOMINO AU BURUNDI - Actualit\u00e9s congolaises et internationales<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/congovirtuel.com\/information\/trump-f-tshisekedi-un-rapprochement-strategique-aux-effets-domino-au-burundi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"TRUMP\/F.TSHISEKEDI: UN RAPPROCHEMENT STRAT\u00c9GIQUE AUX EFFETS DOMINO AU BURUNDI - Actualit\u00e9s congolaises et internationales\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Si le rapprochement op\u00e9r\u00e9 par Felix Tshisekedi avec l’administration Trump en mars \u00e9tait spectaculaire, celui men\u00e9 par le pr\u00e9sident burundais Evariste Ndayishimiye, plus discret, n’en est pas moins strat\u00e9gique. 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